What is a public right of way?
A public right of way is a route that anyone can use to pass through land, regardless of who owns it, subject to the specific rights that apply to that particular path. Many of these routes have historical origins dating back centuries and are protected by law. The landowner cannot stop people using them, even if the path runs through their garden or across their fields, though temporary closures may be authorised for roadworks, utility repairs or specific land management practices approved by the local authority.
You can find rights of way marked on Ordnance Survey maps, in local walking guides, and on your council's definitive map. Many are also marked on the ground with wooden signposts or coloured arrows.
There are four main types:
- Footpaths: for walking only
- Bridleways: for walking, horse riding and cycling
- Restricted byways: for walking, horse riding, cycling and non-motorised vehicles such as horse-drawn carts
- Byways open to all traffic: for any form of transport, including motor vehicles
The type of right of way determines what you can legally do on it. Using a motorised vehicle on a footpath, bridleway or restricted byway is a criminal offence that can result in fines and seizure of the vehicle. This includes dirt bikes and quad bikes. Police in many areas actively target illegal off-road riding due to the noise and disruption it causes to residents and walkers.

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If a public right of way crosses your land, you have legal duties under the Highways Act 1980 to keep it accessible. You cannot block the route, lock gates that should remain open, or allow vegetation to grow over the path.
Your responsibilities will usually include:
- Keeping the path clear of obstructions such as fences, vehicles or building materials
- Cutting back hedges, trees and crops that overhang or block the route
- Maintaining any gates or stiles that you have installed or that exist within your land boundaries
- Not ploughing or disturbing the surface of a footpath or bridleway unless it crosses a field, and then restoring it within 14 days for the first disturbance or 24 hours for subsequent disturbances in the same growing season
- Ensuring any animals on your land do not intimidate or endanger people using the path
Public rights of way have a legal minimum width, which varies by type. A cross-field footpath must be at least one metre wide, while a headland footpath along the edge of a field must be 1.5 metres. Bridleways require greater widths. Landowners must not plough, crop or obstruct within these limits.
The local highway authority, usually your county council or unitary authority, is responsible for signposting routes where they leave a road. Responsibility for surface maintenance varies according to local agreements and historical practice, but the day to day duty to keep the path clear of obstructions typically falls to the landowner.
If you are unsure about your obligations, your local council's rights of way team can advise you.
Your situation may be slightly different. ask a question below ↓ and our editorial team will reply with our advice.
What to do if a right of way is blocked
Obstructed paths can lead to misunderstandings or disputes between neighbours. Someone may have parked across a route, erected a fence, or allowed their hedge to grow across the path entirely.
Your first step should be to speak to the person responsible if you feel comfortable doing so. They may not realise they are causing a problem, or may have misunderstood where the right of way runs.
If that does not resolve things, report the obstruction to your local council. Every council has a duty to protect rights of way and can take enforcement action against landowners who block them. This may include serving a notice requiring them to remove the obstruction. If they fail to comply, the council can do the work itself and recover the costs.
You can also report problems to the Ramblers, who campaign for access to the countryside. They maintain a network of volunteers who monitor paths and work with local authorities to resolve access issues.
In theory, members of the public have the right to remove just enough of an obstruction to get past, but this can lead to confrontation and is rarely advisable. Letting the authorities handle it is almost always the better approach.
Disputes and changes to rights of way
Landowners sometimes want to move or close a right of way. This requires a formal legal process under the Highways Act 1980 or the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. You cannot simply stop maintaining a route and assume it will disappear from the map.
Applications to divert or extinguish a right of way go through the local council or, in some cases, the Planning Inspectorate. The public has the right to object, and applications are often contested.
Temporary diversions for events, building works or land management can sometimes be arranged without a formal application. Landowners must apply to the highway authority and provide adequate notice to the public, usually through signs at each end of the affected section.
If you believe a route should be recorded as a right of way but is not currently on the definitive map, you can apply to have it added. You will need to provide evidence that the public has used the route without permission, force or secrecy for at least 20 years.
For detailed guidance on the legal framework around public rights of way, visit GOV.UK or contact your local council's rights of way officer. The Open Spaces Society also publishes useful guides for anyone dealing with access disputes.
The end house in the terrace has a patch of land beside it followed by another stretch of houses and so on.
The patch of land gives vehicle access to the rear of the terrace and also onto a local field, through to other houses etc.
The owner of the end house flatly refuses to let anyone park their car beside his fence on the patch of land, claiming its his land.
He has rear access to a garage within his boundary and a notice at the the front asking people not to block his driveway.
How can I find out 1. Who the land in between the terraces belongs to. 2. If he has the right to 'bully' people into not parking next to his fence (not blocking his driveway)
Thanks
My neighbour who is not the registered owner,is planning to have an electrical cable erected overhead from his house to his shed. This will be running above our shared access and in front of mine and other neighbours house.
he hasn’t asked anyone for permission to have the work done.
Obviously, we do not want a cable to run across in front of our homes, so how do we stop him. Are there any official guidelines out there, that would help me to quote to him before he goes a head, ie. under the......act, you are not permitted to have this done without our consent.
Please help.
Your help in this matter will be greatly appreciated.
Mark
I have used a 200m driveway which is owned by a household but is shared with my stables as it is direct access. Once a week I walk down the road as a cat is not available. Last week I was told by the owners of the drive that I was not allowed to walk down the road but must use the footpath which would be 25 minutes longer, in the pitch black, when I have walked down the shared driveway (but owned by them) for 5 years with no problem and we don’t have a great deal of cars go down. Are they allowed to stop me walking down the drive?
Thank you.
Any advice or help would be very much appreciated. TIA Matt
Our local community park council ( Pontyberem) Are not replying to me and I would like to know why I pay my council taxes ?
There has never been an issue till recently. Myself, children and friends were on the path and their drive (3 year old on a bike, never been an issues), yet the lady was very angry later and made other tales up, kids picking flowers (not true) and she is isolating from Corona6, which is true till her family come over, Daily!!. I accepted her concerns and stated for her to tell me straight away if there is an issue in order for me to correct it, and also stated we have right to access, which she very angrily pointed out the pathway.
It's really gotten to me as our accessed is denied often due to her family visiting and using the whole space as a drive, which it isnt. I use this access everyday to take the children out (one in a pram) and take the bins out (our drive being done up) but my neighbour would have the same issue! What can I do? I would rather the path be back in place and used as access only, not a free for all for them and their family.
Is there any way we can object?
Sue Humphreys
April 2020
First of all, I just want to clear one thing up, I have two dogs both are small to medium size and are very well looked after, never ever do i let them off the lead during our walks.
I live in a small village with a main road running through it.
I was walking on the edge of an unused field 4 meters from my home as i have done for years and years but after the estate was sold to a new owner about four years ago the area, in general, has become very hostile with gamekeepers patroling the footpaths on quade bikes making them unpassable for us older folk, when i was told i could not use the field by the farmer. I know it is his land so he is in full right to say what he wants and i should not be there, So i told him i will walk the footpaths at night then as one of my dogs has seizures and to walk the main road in the day with the busy traffic would just be to dangerous in case he has a seizures, of which he replied "if you stray off the footpaths or scare any of the pheasants" i will throw you off the land. First time i ever met this chap and that's his attitude.
I now 100% only walk on the public rights of way, but i do walk them at night due to the busy main road, I use a small handheld torch to see where i am going, I am 52 years old and my eyesight is not very good but i can manage.
on one occasion while doing my 10 pm walk i was followed into the woods by 3 farmers/gamekeepers while on the footpath walking towards my home 1 mile away from the farm, I told them it was harassment and one said "you are lamping the trees" then they vanished, I shouted towards their last known location "I HOPE NONE OF YOU HOLD A FIREARMS LICENCE" Then i carried on walking home. i have been harassed 3 times so far by the same farm for walking on the Public rights of way.
This is where i need advice.
The police have knocked my door 5 times stating that the farmer is thinking about getting me charged with harassment due to my torch lighting up the trees and buildings along the footpaths.
I told the police it was the farmer harassing me following me into the woods that are not even near the farm. the woman officer said "they showed me the video and it would have scared me if i was there. i said but i didn't do anything, She said you were shouting back at them, I said ok then you would also know the direction they were videoing and that was the direction back to my home so they were harassing and following me as shown in their video, She then said i only see a little bit of the video.
The woman officer said her Sargent will have words with me and that i may have some case to answer to. she also said i need to walk the footpath with my torch beam at my feet in the lowest setting and half the beam lens covered with my hand, If i do this it will be extremely dangerous due to the paths I'm walking on are up to a foot deep in mu
I am considering fencing a 3ft perimeter up my drive for anyone to gain access to the footpath which means I won’t be able to use it any longer as a driveway, as I was told by said resident she is to complain to the council and she has all rights. Is my plan correct to erect a fence or do I have any rights as a tennent to save the expense.
Also this footpath is a haven for burglars escapes which have used it several times to gain access to stables (behind attached to my house) and break in to my neighbours property and we are frankly sick of it. I asked a council official if it could be closed as it is used infrequently anyway and he told me to basically forget it. Please advise. Regards
What right do I have with people letting their dogs mess in my garden and not picking it up
Also they leave the gate open and I have had to restrict my dogs from this area to stop them getting out
And lastly the public right of runs through a ford but people to save going through the water are diverting into my land and going over my bridge ( bridge installed 5 years ago for my car to acces my land )
Can I install a style instead of gate
Can I install a gate on my bridge and force people through the ford ( even when the water is flooding)
Our house was extended quite sometime after theirs and after the r.o.w was changed but not officially.
Where do I stand?
We have walked this area for over 20 years as the previous owner had no issues. He has since died and someone has bought half of it.
What are our rights? Can we still walk along the paths made over the many years of being walked by us and other people?
They say they now intend to put a gate in the hedge and use the drive and new gate to allow them easier access to their property.
Your advice much appreciated
We have been assaulted, had fireworks parties that have injured our horses, threats, intimidation, assaults, trolling and now they are using the footpath to video us and our property with an ipad and mobile phone. One stands at the gate and the other wanders up and down the yard videoing us and our property. Last time they claimed we had stolen their bin bags and were looking for them...it was bin day and I think the bin men were the real culprits! They are then using the images to create libellous YouTube videos.
We have CCTV footage but the Police say they can not do anything but they seem to have very little knowledge of what responsibly using a footpath entails.
Can you suggest what we can do...we are up the wall!
I asked him if the rubbish could be removed, and my neighbour decided that the best course of action is to threaten me and to use abusive language towards me. I reported it to the council about 3 months ago, and since, they visited him twice but nothing has changed, the rubbish is still there. The council told me that they have to examine the ownership of the land before they can enforce anything on my neighbour. I have a title absolute on my property and in the title there are a few lines that mention this pathway. It is mentioned that I have a public right of way for that piece of land, and that I have to provide fencing for it.
We moved in one year ago, and we thought that it will be our dream home. It is sad and disappointing that we have to deal with such a difficult character. Could you please advise on this matter? What should I do next? Many Thanks.
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